Learning objectives
- Recognise the form and meaning of by and of.
- Use by and of in controlled A1 sentences.
- Identify and correct common beginner errors.
- Apply the concept in a short personal or everyday context.
By and of
Use by and of in common beginner phrases.
Grammar rules
- Use by for means, agent, position or deadline in simple phrases.
- Use of to show relation, material or quantity.
Examples
- I travel by bus.
- The cup is made of glass.
- A bottle of water is on the table.
- Sit by the window.
Common mistakes
- Using a form that does not agree with the subject or noun.
- Using the correct words in the wrong order.
- Adding or omitting a required auxiliary, article or preposition.
- Choosing a form that changes the intended meaning.
Revision notes
Review the rule, say the examples aloud, write two new examples and retake the concept test until you achieve at least 80%.
Validated question bank pending