A1 · Discourse

And, but and because

Connect simple ideas with basic linking words.

Learning objectives

  • Recognise the form and meaning of and, but and because.
  • Use and, but and because in controlled A1 sentences.
  • Identify and correct common beginner errors.
  • Apply the concept in a short personal or everyday context.

Grammar rules

  • Use and to add information.
  • Use but to contrast ideas.
  • Use because to give a reason.

Examples

  • I work and study.
  • She is tired, but she is happy.
  • I stayed home because it was raining.

Common mistakes

  • Using a form that does not agree with the subject or noun.
  • Using the correct words in the wrong order.
  • Adding or omitting a required auxiliary, article or preposition.
  • Choosing a form that changes the intended meaning.

Revision notes

Review the rule, say the examples aloud, write two new examples and retake the concept test until you achieve at least 80%.

Validated question bank pending